Indian Mathematics in Vedic Period ( 1500 BCE -400 BCE)

Ancient Indians were involved in different forms of Mathematical study.The effort on understanding the deeper patterns of quantity,structure,space and change, in the Mathematical framework, reached its extremity in the Vedic period. Though there are other great Mathematicians who came after wards and followed the tradition.

The religious texts of the Vedic Period provide evidence for the use of large numbers . By the time of the last Veda, the Yajurvedasamhita (1200-900 BCE), numbers as high as 10¹² were being included in the texts. For example, the Mantra (sacrificial formula) at the end of the annahoma ("food-oblation rite") performed during the asvamedha ("horse sacrifice"), and uttered just before-, during-, and just after sunrise, invokes powers of ten from a hundred to a trillion:

"Hail to śata ("hundred," 10²), hail to sahasra ("thousand," 10³), hail to ayuta ("ten thousand," 10⁴), hail to niyuta ("hundred thousand," 10⁵), hail to prayuta ("million," 10⁶), hail to arbuda ("ten million," 10⁷), hail to nyarbuda ("hundred million," 10⁸), hail to samudra ("billion," 10⁹, literally "ocean"), hail to madhya ("ten billion," 10¹⁰, literally "middle"), hail to anta ("hundred billion," 10¹¹, lit., "end"), hail to parārdha ("one trillion," 10¹² lit., "beyond parts"), hail to the dawn (uśas), hail to the twilight (vyuṣṭi), hail to the one which is going to rise (udeṣyat), hail to the one which is rising (udyat), hail to the one which has just risen (udita), hail to the heaven (svarga), hail to the world (loka), hail to all."

This shows the rigor on the collective study on Mathematics in the Vedic Age, which is prominently known for its spiritual study.Further, Satapatha Brahmana (9th century BCE) contains rules for ritual geometric constructions that are similar to the Sulba Sutras.

The Sulba Sutras (literally, "Aphorisms of the Chords" in Vedic Sanskrit ) (c. 700-400 BCE) list rules for the construction of sacrificial fire altars. Most mathematical problems considered in the Śulba Sūtras spring from "a single theological requirement," that of constructing fire altars which have different shapes but occupy the same area. The altars were required to be constructed of five layers of burnt brick, with the further condition that each layer consist of 200 bricks and that no two adjacent layers have congruent arrangements of bricks.

According to ( Hayashi 2005 p. 363), the Śulba Sūtras contain "the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean Theorem in the world."

"The diagonal rope (akṣṇayā-rajju) of an oblong (rectangle) produces both which the flank (pārśvamāni) and the horizontal (tiryaṇmānī) produce separately."

Since the statement is a sūtra, it is necessarily compressed and what the ropes produce is not elaborated on, but the context clearly implies the square areas constructed on their lengths, and would have been explained so by the teacher to the student.They contain lists of Pythagorean triples , which are particular cases of Diophantine equations . They also contain statements (that with hindsight we know to be approximate) about squaring the circle and "circling the square."

Baudhyana (c. 8th century BCE) composed the Baudhayana Sulba Sutra, the best-known Sulba Sutra, which contains examples of simple Pythagorean triples, such as: (3,4,5), (5,12,13), (8,15,17), (7,24,25), and (12,35,37) as well as a statement of the Pythagorean theorem for the sides of a square: "The rope which is stretched across the diagonal of a square produces an area double the size of the original square." It also contains the general statement of the Pythagorean theorem (for the sides of a rectangle): "The rope stretched along the length of the diagonal of a rectangle makes an area which the vertical and horizontal sides make together."

The main objective of the Sulvasutras was to describe the constructions of altars and the geometric principles involved in them, the subject of Pythagorean triples, even if it had been well understood may still not have featured in the Sulvasutras. The occurrence of the triples in the Sulvasutras is comparable to mathematics that one may encounter in an introductory book on architecture or another similar applied area, and would not correspond directly to the overall knowledge on the topic at that time.

In all three Sulba Sutras were composed. The remaining two, the Manava Sulba Sutra composed by Manava (fl. 750-650 BCE) and the Apastamba Sulba Sutra, composed by Apastamba (c. 600 BCE), contained results similar to the Baudhayana Sulba Sutra.

The tradition Sulba Sutras also proved the fact that the religious ritual carried out in the Vedic times had wide usage mathmetical principals for perfecting the material requirement of the rituals.

Agricultural Consumption in Power Sector of Haryana

HSEB found it increasingly difficult to meet the demand and provide adequate
supply of electricity: by 1997, the state witnessed a peak shortage of 11% and energy
deficit of 25%. No generation capacity had been added within Haryana after 1990 and
the State became increasingly dependent on imported power. However, the
transmission system reportedly deteriorated over the years because of lack of adequate funds for expansion and rehabilitation and poor operational efficiencies.

The transformer failure rates were high due to overloading, the quality of power supply was poor and the non-technical losses were excessive.Financially, the HSEB was incurring huge losses. As of 31st March 1998, the accumulated financial loss had reached Rs. 16079.7 million and continued to grow due to non-remunerative tariffs, high technical and non-technical losses and poor revenue collection. HSEB’s poor financial health affected such basic functions as system maintenance, expansion and rehabilitation and led to large outstanding current liabilities.

At the same time the phenomenal growth in agriculture consumption is also a area of concern for HSEB as agricultural consumption was subsidized. The phenomenal growth is demonstrated by the growth in the number of electric pumps-sets/tube-wells. On March 31, 1970 the number of electric-operated tube-wells was 68,226. Within a decade this number rose to 204,340, representing a 300% growth in ten years. The number of agricultural connections grew further to 0.35 million by the early 1990s. Agricultural connected load has followed the same pattern of growth, registering an average increase of 8% per year between 1970 and 1990. Such a growth in the agricultural load is the result of a deliberate policy to promote agricultural production in the state through green revolution. It is interesting to note that between 1970 and 1990 the average pump size per connection, calculated from the connected load and the number of connections in a year, remained practically constant at about 4.7 kW per connection. Since then, the average connected load has increased continuously, reaching 5.8 kW per pump in March 2000.

Consequently, the electricity consumption increased from 1328 MU in 1982-83 to
2543 MU in 1989-90 and further to 4570 MU in 1999-2000.There are at least four main reasons for such a significant rise in the average estimated consumption per connection:

1) First, the number of unmetered connections has increased. At present, only about
20% of the agricultural connections have meters and even some of these meters are
defective. Consumption of unmetered connections and connections with defective
meters is estimated by the utility and it is a matter of debate whether the estimated
agricultural consumption is overstated.

2) Second, in absence of a meter, the consumer has the freedom to consume as much
power as he wishes and it is likely that he would consume much more than his metered
counterpart. The tariff differential between a metered connection and a flat rate
connection is such that a flat-rate connection becomes economically rational for a
consumer if he can consume much more power than a metered connection.

3) Third, the data on connected load may be inaccurate depending on whether or not
the records are updated by the utility. It is generally believed that flat rate consumers increase their pump size without declaring the higher pump rating, because their charges increase proportionately with the pump rating.

4)Fourth, irrigation requirement increases with need to increase in agricultural
production and area under irrigation. It can also increase as the ground water level falls.

All these factors could have influenced the electricity consumption in Haryana.

Unless meters are installed, the true consumption is difficult to establish.

Online Math Education Market

Distance mode of learning has become increasingly popular, around the world, in recent times specially in Mathematics Education Market. The flexibility in online course framework and course delivery, is one of the reason for that . At the same time , it is found that, the best possible means to scale the institutional delivery mechanism of Math education , From k-12 to higher education is also distance education.

This stands as true for the alternative of Mathematics Education too - like Vedic Mathematics and abacus. The distant education could provide a model for simple and complex alternative forms of mathematics education, necessary outreach. Further,this would increase the penetration of different forms of Mathametic education in different levels. The diversified effort on building a system , which can educate the mass on mathmetics , at the end would grow public awareness on the subject of Mathmetics. More people would have better means to calcualte, and improve there practical life scenarios.

Indian farmer is `powerful' only on paper and in official records ?

The Indian farmers mostly receives subsidized power . Further , there are some state like Tamil Nadu where the farm tariff was not charged and rural electricity was free.Then after almost a decade of high-level effort to bring the charges (tariffs) that farmers pay for electricity more nearly into line with the costs of supply.

India has barely made a dent in the longstanding and increasingly uneconomical practice of subsidizing power to agricultural consumers for irrigation. Progress has been slowed by the understandable but misplaced concern that higher tariffs would harm farmers--and that the injured parties would take political revenge on the reformers. .

The costs--in power outages, damaged pumping equipment, irrigation foregone because of power losses, distorted investment patterns, among others--exact a heavy toll from ordinary farmers. In the form of deficits, the subsidies also sap state budgets of funds that could otherwise be invested in rural infrastructure, extension services, and advanced agricultural technology. As unrecoverable costs, they starve suppliers of funds for maintenance and improved service. On the other side of the coin lie the benefits that reliable flows of power and good quality of other electricity services could deliver to rural India.

The system by which the agricultural power consumption is measured by State Electricity Board (SEB)rural creates inflated consumption figures.Much of the power consumption goes on the heading of Agriculture is not actually consumed by the agricultural community . Besides ,this unused power by agricultural gets routed to the hookers and other malpractioners who draw the consumption will illegal means.

Despite of this the nearly Bankruptcy situation of the State Electricity Boards, which are said to be the side effect of Subsidized agricultural consumption which is far from truth .

Hygiene Battlefield : What's wrong in our sanitation planning ?

The cost of poor sanitation is excessive in terms of health . Yet major part of India , lack the basic sanitation services . There is a huge death toll due water born disease in India . Still, these issues often fail to get attention of social and political activism and also media.

However , there is also a fault in the way we try to handle our sanitation problem . The fault is in planning . Our Sanitation planning lacks the vision , of how this apparent problem could be turned into an opportunity with an innovative approach . There are instances where the waste water generated from the sanitation could be feed to soil bacteria or the plants which survive on waste water . In this process , the waste water product can be converted into fertilizers which could help to improve the production of our agricultural output.

The Cost of Poor Sanitation in India

Sanitation is the most basic service for health and hygiene of masses . Yet somehow it is not , addressed as importantly as it should be .The severity of the Sanitation problem in India could be judged from the fact that hardly 33% population has sanitation facility available. In rural area percentage coverage is only 22%, however it is 59% in urban areas. (WHO/UNICEF Sanitation Assessment Report 2004). In recent years there is continuous progress in the sector, however a lot is required to meet the Millennium Development Goal on sanitation. Majority of the people defecate in the open. Open defecation defiles ecology, fouls water resources and causes stink in inhabitated areas. Of the estimated 2 million children who die from diarrhoeal diseases each year in developing countries, almost 600,000 die from sanitation related ailments alone. This disease is endemic throughout the world. Refugee populations and children suffering from malnutrition are among the worst affected.

The sustainability of water and sanitation services depends on many factors, including financial viability. The economics is complex and we are still learning about them throughout the world, through both successes and failures. The most important economic point is that failure to meet basic water requirements generates major social costs, both economic and financial. In 1970, water-related diseases cost an estimated $125 billion per year in direct medical costs and lost work time for sick people plus the (unquantified) social costs of lost education, family disruption and shortened life expectancy. A major water-related disease outbreak could cost far more in medical care and lost productivity than the universal provision of safe water and sanitation .

There has to be a 'war-like approach' to solve the Sanitation problem faced by India. It is the root of health and Hygiene. The poor sanitation is a costly affair for the population of India , as there more money to be invested to get free from the outcome of poor sanitation.

Dependence on Crude Oil has to be lowered for India

One of the main reason , why we are facing the present economic crisis is our extensive dependence on crude oil, to meet our energy needs. We have to soon divert our extra dependence on crude oil, to renewable sources. Besides,there is a need for innovation to make this energy sources convert into scalable commercial applications. One of the major problems of our metro environment, is the way we manage our solid municipal waste. Doing some engineering process, in the waste dumping ground, we can segregated the solid waste, into renewable energy generator waste. These can be further , converted into renewable energy, which could be distributed in commercial arena .

Most of our energy is build from either crude oil, coal or hydropower. All of them have negative environmental implication . On these burning coal and crude oil, creates Green House Gases (GHG).These has to be minimized in all circumstance. Generating electricity from municipal solid waste help us in that. It creates electricity in an environmental friendly way without emitting Green House Gases(GHG) . Not only that, once the solid waste is re-cycled, then the usual methane emission from municipal solid waste is also controlled.

Renewable the new area of profit and growth for India ?

There has been growing implementation of clean and green, energy solutions in business arenas. Renewable is now not only an Government agenda, but is a business agenda too.There is a need of private participation to build bases for renewable energy. Infact, this is where most of Public-Private-Participation (PPP) is required. Further,there has to be a lot of entrepreneurial efforts in this arena to make India energy-independent.There is a urgent need of building an entreprenuerial ecosystem where Goverment,Investors,Entreprenuer can come together to make India self-sufficient on energy, by building competent organization on renewable energy sector. At the same time there is also growing need of awareness on the social and environmental implication of renewable energy .

For instance, recently electricity is produced from Bio-mass(Cow-dung) in Purulia ,West Bengal. Though the entire mechanism is technologically sophisticated, and some of the equipment used in the process are imported, still the social and environmental benefits, of using renewable energy is extremely high. There are certain section of business community, who may be concerned about the profitability of a renewable business model as the cost of energy is going to be higher then the conventional energy .However, in recent times, with the growth of sensitivity regarding environment, the general consumer has become more agreeable, in paying extra prices for renewable energy services and products.

Considerations on Grant Writing

There are certain consideration which a Grant writer has to take , in comparison to Business plan writing . One of the most important consideration, is to understand the regulatory framework under which the Grant is granted. All grants, are a practical way to manifest certain policy objectives, through well defined programs . Without understanding the underlying policy framework, and program objectives, it is always impossible to write a grant proposal. Most of the NGO's are runned by individuals, who have a passion towards solving certain problems of society, or acting against a social evil. In the process, lot of times they undermine the importance of undersrtanding the policy framework and the institutionalised support, available to make there vision a reality . That's why essentially a grant writer has to take care, both side of coin . They has to artculate the passion and emotional part of the NGO, with a clear fit-in strategy aligned to the policy framework and program objectives. They also has to understand the civil service regulation, which will help them to practice there rights in a better fashion, and not become a prey of the bureacracy and corruption, which might exsist in some level of Goverment.

Investment Climate and revenue sources of renewables

Commercialization of renewable energy sector has drawn significant investment .At the same time,it kept its pace with the growing global concern over climate change. Development of clean energy stands as a priority to both India and the Global institutions and nations.

India is able to install capacity of 10,000 Mw renewable against its potentiality of 80,000 Mw. This indicates the need for important policy changes that non-conventional can be as attractive as the conventional one and attract more investment . In fact there is a growing interest in renewable space on the account of addressing GHG issues on climate change . However , success on renewable space depends on certain critical factors listed below

1.Strong Government Support for the sector
2. Long term stable cash flows
3. Attractive underline power prices
4. Greater understanding of resource,technology and operational issues
5. Increasingly strong project owners

The investment climate for renewable was quite positive and lot of investor is showing interest on it. Project Finance is easily available as Indian Government is giving a strong support on the renewable with his nodal institution Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources (MNES) and also through the corporate entity Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA). There is also different fnance available starting from Senior debt by clubbing lenders,Junior debt - Mezzanine finance , lease/Tax based finance and PPA structure under market based revenue mechanism. In short there is good investment climate both at regional (state) and National level too.

The Future of Energy Security

India has understood the importance of renewable energy as sustainable energy source in early 1970. The political will followed, in 1982 by forming , Department of Non-conventional Energy sources. In early 1992 , the department was upgraded into full fledged Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) , now re-christened as Ministry of New and Renewable Energy since Octobor 2006 .

India's effort in renewable energy can be divided into three distinct stages

1.1970 - 1980 - Capacity building and R&D , largely in National laboratories and Educational Institution

2. 1980-1990- Large scale demonstration of renewable energy which involved , Non -Governmental Organization (NGO) , Self Employed Groups (SEG) and grass root organization . This programs are often subsidized by Governess funds.

3. 1990 - 2008 : Application of mature technologies for power generation based on wind,small hydro,biogass co-generation and other bio mass . Further there was industrial application of solar and other forms of energy .There is also a shift from subsidy driven mode to commercial driven mode. This has lead to a rapid change of the sector towards next generation technologies in Solar,Hydro,Fuel cells and bio-fuels.

India has somewhat aligned with the global institutions in making a carbon free economy . It has already contributed on Clean Development mechanism (CDM) and has high level commitment on introducing CDM in a more pervasive fashion. In fact nowhere in the world , there is one dedicated ministry for handling renewable energy . India has also pioneered its effort on the direction of climate change by introducing a larger share of renewable technologies in CDM. It has been observed by the Nobel prize winner Organization Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) that renewable play a great role in environmental friendliness and checking emissions of green house gases (GHG).

There was a policy of developing a private sector around renewable which will give different range of incentives for investment and entrepreneurship in this sector . There has been a lot of major reforms in State Electricity Regulation bodies to enable renewable play a critical in production and distribution of renewable . It has also been seen as a efficient way on rural electrification and solve the energy needs for cooking in rural households.

These entire set of activities around renewable prove a point that renewable will play critical role on the future of our energy security . However , there is a need of a lot more aggressive efforts towards renewable and entrepreneurial action in order to increase the share of renewable in energy production and distribution with the growing environmental concerns around the world.

Managing Risk for Small Medium and Micro Enterprises of India

Small , Medium and Micro Enterprises play an critical role in the Employment generation of masses in India. They also have significant contribution on Export. According to 2001-02 censuses, they contribute 40% of the overall export. The foreign delegation, trade fairs and promotion activities helps to grow the market penetration of this small, medium and micro enterprises. However, the internet also plays a key role on go-to-export-market-strategy. The B2b exchanges help the small medium and micro enterprises to find its clientele. Most of the cases this helps to manage the payment uncertainty and risk management, with the involvement of a third party as a regulator of the deal structure between two parties. This way the system of b2b exchange can be a big facilitator for export growth of Small medium and micro enterprises of India along with help small, medium, micro entrepreneurs to manage risk and secure there payments properly.

The Majority in favor of Nuclear Deal

In a opinion poll conducted by the planning blog, majority stood in favor of Nuclear Deal. It is interesting to see that 90% of the votes of the opinion poll is in favor of Nuclear Deal. The results of poll stay in the right hand corner of this blog. It again shows that the citizen of Indian Republic wants the N-deal to be executed and they agrees with the statement ‘Come what may – The N-deal should be done “.

Oppose the Opposition: Come what may! The Nuclear Deal should be done!!

An Open letter to my Country Men

Oppose the Opposition: Come what may! The Nuclear Deal should be done!!

We do not have to listen to Prakash Karat. We do not have to listen to L. K. Advani. The documents are there, guiding the Nuclear Deal.

We, the people of Indian Republic, can take our own decisions.

Here is the list of the documents

1. The 123 Agreement- http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2007/aug/90050.htm
2. The Safeguards -http://www.dae.gov.in/press/IaeaIndiaSGADrft.pdf
The Hyde Act - http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_bills&docid=f:h5682enr.txt.pdf


It is funny to think, that somebody can even question our sovereignty .We have crossed those days of 1960 – 1970’s, when we are weak. The world says that we are one of the four great economic powers. We are as par with European Union, China and US .

Hyde act is something, which is internal regulation of US, and has nothing to do with us .The US parliament can wish, that, we will support them on their foreign policy. There can be an expectation, on this line, by Condoleezza Rice. However, we have not committed something on it. There is no obligation, that, we have, to follow them. Infact, there is an advantage. In earlier case, whenever we have done a nuclear test, we have faced bans in our sanctions. After signing the deal, we will not face a ban straight away. We will have opportunities to discuss and do diplomatic exercise, which if we do properly, we can avoid the banning altogether.

The Nuclear Deal is one of the greatest successes of Indian Foreign Policy after the dramatic shift in foreign policy, due to disintegration of Soviet Union. We are getting the Nuclear Fuel without signing a NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty). We are free to do our strategic nuclear program. Our civil nuclear program would be different from that. This is itself, a sign that India is a powerful country now, who is dictating its own terms. The question of sovereignty is useless and a more emotional question, than a practical one.

The Nuclear Energy would be a great help to our economic prosperity as the other energy sources goes down. If, we can import coal and oil ! Why cannot we import Uranium? In addition, this is just for transition period. This will not be a barrier on becoming ourselves self-sufficient. We can stop importing once we become self-sufficient.

This is one of the greatest achievements until date by our diplomats. Our neighboring countries are jealous about our clinching such a deal. Nothing, like this is going to happen in next 30 years. That’s why …Oppose the Opposition: Come what may !! The Nuclear Deal should be done !!

Who am I, to tell you all this? I, am just a citizen of India, like you. I, want my India, to grow and become more prosperous. I want, that we have adequate power, in all forms, that we can move in our path of progress smoothly.

Some politicians do not want so. They are ready to comprise the interest of the Nation, for there own parties agenda. Let us remind them, that a Nation interest is bigger, then the political parties. The progress of the nation makes them survive and become powerful. These people forget that, we have put them into power to take decision on the interest of the nation. They are just our representatives. In a representative democracy, if they do not work for the interest of the nation, we have the right to throw them out from power. Today, in the age of cyber-democracy, we do not have to wait for that, up to next election. We can do it right now.

We have done it repeatedly. We have done it in the time of French revolution. We have done it on the time of our own independence.

It is the time to do it again, for our energy Independence.

We have to oppose the opposition, to vote against the Nuclear Deal.

Oppose the Opposition: Come what may !! The Nuclear Deal should be done !!

We will use new system, new process to do that. Yes! We will use the tools of cyber-democracy, as every age has its own way to practice, democracy.

French revolution did it in a violent way, Indians in Independence movement, did it in a non-violent way.

Representing, technologically rich India, we will do it in a cyber way.

We will vote for the nuclear deal, using the following blog, where we have the voting panel in the right corner.

http://joydipchakladar.blogspot.com


That result of this vote will be automatically available to all the people after voting. We will then circulate it, to as many people we know, to make sure that the opposition leader gets our message. This will make them; think twice before voting against the nuclear deal.

It is a simple process. We all can participate in it. We can also circulate this mail, that there is more voting supporting on our resolution to -

Oppose the Opposition: Come what may ! The Nuclear Deal should be done!


Regards
Joydip Chakladar
A Citizen of India

Prakash karat’s obsolete hard-line costing India?

The alumni of JNU,Mr Karat, have much love for china. When China has moved on to new values and has made stronger association with US, Mr. Karat does not want us to move ahead. See a recent story by a leading daily on this

http://www.indianexpress.com/story/236313.html

Why does he want to deprive the nation, from the benefits of the nuclear deal ? A leading daily makes an interesting observation, about the Indian Political drama, where the interest of the Indian citizens seems to be the last option.

http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=b203b4fc-0a79-4982-b5de-131fa9ecf1bb&&Headline=Do+have+koffee+with+Karat

Mr. Karat is failing to understand that he is representing the democracy of India, Not China. Obviously, he has always right to think in his personal life, about what he thinks in regards to China.However, as, one of representative, of the people of India , he should put interest of India , in the first bracket. See an intersting article on a blog in this ...

http://offstumped.nationalinterest.in/2007/11/02/project-karat-chapter-3/

It is very interesting to note that he has completed his Msc. (Politics) from University of Edinburgh, and continuously suggesting India, to implement wrong foreign policies. At the same time he ask us not to do right alliances in International Circuit.

He opposed the India-US strategic alliances and the nuclear cooperation agreement. Does he not understand that how the world is jealous about the nuclear deal, which India has clinged, without signing the NPT (Non- Proliferation Agreement). No other country could get this level of diplomatic success .

I urge the General Secretary to go back to his university again and complete a refresher course in his Msc (Politics) with a special emphasis in Foreign Policy. He might have missed out those classes !

Karat on Sovereignty- Does he understands it ?

The concept of Sovereignty, came from Peace treaty of Westphalia, in May 15,1648. 'Peace of Westphalia' was signed, which refers to the two peace treaties, ended both the Thirty Years' War in Germany and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Netherlands. The treaties involved the nations of Central Europe .This initiated a new order in central Europe based on the concept of national sovereignty.

The end of Second World War, made Europe realized the problems with National Sovereignty. It understood a need for higher union, and participation between Nations. There was a new timeline, in the Global political history, where territorial supremacy is not seen as the highest value. At the same time, the league of nation is transformed into United Nations , which came out with the concept of Human rights . Every passing decade made the concept of human rights more resonant, in every corner of society. There is strong activism, against some governments who had natural tendencies of crime, against humanity, in the name of Sovereignty. Repeatedly Sovereignty, has come into discussion, with a very special political usage by different political parties, around the world giving it a top priority. The concept of Sovereignty encountered a biggest challenge, when globalization took over as the most prominent development theme around the world. The importance of territorial supremacy loosed popularity.

Recently, there was rise of political usage of the concept of sovereignty in a very varied context. A week before ,one of the most improper usages of the concept of the Sovereignty, and its application is done by Prakash Karat of Left parties while pulling support from the Government on the issue of Nuke Deal.He pointed that the Nuke deal is somehow affecting the Sovereignty of the Nation. The truth stands opposite . Infact, Nuke deal will improve the Sovereignty of the country by making us energy independent . Even if by chance , there is a change of power in next 2 months in US , the approval from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) will go long way for other countiers to export us, Nuclear Fuel.

The published safeguard document according to the safegaurd system of IAEA and the related document of 123 Agreement proved the fact that, US territorial laws, will not effect how Government of India would manage his country. Infact , in 123 agreement there is a specific clause on , sovereignty and non-intervention ,which readers can find on the agreement

WISHING to develop such cooperation on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality, mutual benefit, reciprocity and with due respect for each other's nuclear programmes;


http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2007/aug/90050.htm
http://www.dae.gov.in/press/IaeaIndiaSGADrft.pdf


Infact, nuclear deal would play a pivotal role on creating energy security for all our sector , which is very important for all our sectors, as we pay heavily for consuming energy. The citizens of India will get oppurtunity to pay less price and meet thier energy demands which will increase the overall productivity of the country. It is the time, when Indian politicians should go beyond their self-aggrandizing political interest, which they are so eager to follow, and support the cause of national interest. They should understand that that all politicians represent democracy , they are not the democracy . They are the part of the 'representative democracy ' model. So they should do something, which is on the interest of the citizens of India.